![]() It has the longest intracranial length of all the cranial nerves. Midbrain - the trochlear nerve (IV) comes from the posterior side of the midbrain.They can arise from a specific part of the brainstem (midbrain, pons or medulla), or from a junction between two parts: Cranial nerves III - XII arise from the brainstem (Figure 1). The olfactory nerve (CN I) and optic nerve (CN II) originate from the cerebrum. ![]() There are twelve cranial nerves in total. In this article, we shall summarise the anatomy of the cranial nerves - their origin, course, and functions. The names of the cranial nerves relate to their function and they are numerically identified in roman numerals (I-XII). The first two nerves (olfactory and optic) arise from the cerebrum, whereas the remaining ten emerge from the brainstem. The cranial nerves are a set of 12 paired nerves that arise directly from the brain. Intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles (except the palatoglossus). SVM: a few fibres run with CNX to viscera. ![]() GVM: smooth muscles of pharynx, larynx and most of the GIT. SVS: taste from epiglottis region of tongue GVS: larynx, pharynx and, thoracic & abdominal viscera. GVM: lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual glands and mucous glands of mouth and nose. Internal acoustic meatus > stylomastoid f. GSS: anterior 2/3 tongue, skin over mandible and lower teeth. GSM: 4 extrinsic eye muscles and levator palpebrae superioris.Ĭheeks, lower eye lid, nasal mucosa, upper lip, upper teeth and palate.
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